Operating Systems

Introduction to Operating Systems: Virtualizing the CPU, Virtualizing the memory, Concurrency, Persistence, Design Goals. Components of an OS, Types of OS, Operating System structure - Simple structure, Layered approach, Microkernel, Modules, Generalized view of System Calls, System boot process. (T1 Chapter 1 and T2 Chapter 1 and 2)

Process Abstraction- A Process, Process Creation, Process states, Process control block and Context Switch, Process control system calls - fork, wait, exec, getpid, getppid and variants. The limited direct execution model. Process Scheduling- Basic concepts, Scheduling queues, Schedulers, Scheduling algorithms- First come First Served, Shortest Job First, Priority scheduling, Round robin scheduling, Multilevel feedback queue scheduling. Inter-process communication - shared memory systems, Message passing systems. (T1 Chapter 4,5,6,7 and 8 T2 Chapter 3,5)

Address spaces, Memory view of a process -heap, stack, code, data Review of malloc and free system calls. Address Translation – Introduction Dynamic Relocation Hardware Support. Segmentation, Free space Management, Paging, Virtual Memory – Demand Paging, Page Replacement Algorithms, Allocation, Thrashing. (T1 Chapter 13 to 22 and T2 Chapter 8,9)

Concurrency - Threads, Single threaded and multithreaded programming, Thread API, Process Synchronization – critical-section problem, Synchronization hardware, Mutex locks, Semaphores, Critical regions, Monitors. Deadlock – System model, Deadlock characterization, Methods for handling deadlocks, Deadlock prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Detection, Recovery. (T1 Chapter 26 to 31 and T2 Chapter 4, 6 and 7)

File System: File concept - Attributes, Operations, types. File Structure – Access methods, Protection. File system implementation-Allocation methods.Crash Consistency-Crash Consistency problem, FileSystem Checker, File System Journaling,Recovery. Storage Management: Disk Structure, Disk scheduling. (T1 Chapter 42 and T2 Chapter 10,11 and 12)