Biology for Engineers

Science and Engineering - Phylogeny, Motivation, Methods, Literature, Synthesis Four phases of technology. Scientific Method, Mathematical modeling, Biological Engineering, Biological Predictions. Nature Inspired Designs - Kingfisher Beak: Bullet Train, Shark skin: Friction reducing swim suits and Aquatic Vehicles, Bird Flying: GPS and Aircraft, Whales: Wind Turbines, Spiders: Protective Glasses, Echolocation: Ultrasonography and Sonars, Photosynthesis: Photovoltaic cells and bionic leaf, Human Blood substitutes: Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs) and PerFlouroCarbons (PFCs).

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell structure, Biomembrane, Transport across cell membranes – Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, co-transport and active transport. Carbohydrates: Organization, Cellulose-based water filters, Nucleic acids: Organization of DNA and RNA, DNA Vaccine for Rabies and RNA vaccines for Covid19, Forensics: DNA fingerprinting, Proteins: Organization of Proteins, Plant based proteins, lipids, Biodiesel, Enzymes: Glucose-oxidase in biosensors.

Brain as a CPU system- Architecture, CNS and Peripheral Nervous System, Signal transmission, EEG, Robotic arms for prosthetics. Eye as a Camera system- Architecture of Rod and Cone cells, Optical corrections, Cataract, Lens materials. Heart as a pump system - Architecture, Electrical signaling: ECG monitoring and heart related issues, Reasons for blockages of blood vessels, Design of stents.

Lungs as purification system- Architecture, Gas exchange mechanisms, Spirometry, Ventilators, Heart-lung machine. Kidney as a filtration system: Architecture, Mechanism of filtration, Dialysis systems. Muscular and Skeletal Systems as scaffolds- Architecture, Mechanisms, Bioengineering solutions for osteoporosis.

Bioprinting techniques and materials, 3D printing of ear, bone and skin, 3D printed foods, Electrical tongue and electrical nose in food science, DNA origami and Biocomputing, Bioimaging and Artificial Intelligence for disease diagnosis. Introduction of Biological Databases; Nucleic acid databases (NCBI, DDBJ, and EMBL). Introduction of biological search engine- Entrez.